Fuel injection is a technology used in internal combustion engines for mixing fuel with air before burning.
The use of fuel injection will increase engine power when compared with the use of a carburetor, for making fuel injector homogeneously mixed. This, makes the fuel injector to control the mixing of fuel and air is more appropriate, both in proportion and uniformity.
The fuel injection can be mechanical, electronic, or a mixture of both. Early form of mechanical systems, but around the 1980s began to use a lot of electronic systems. Modern electronic systems use a multitude of sensors to monitor the condition of the engine, and an electronic control unit calculates the amount of fuel required. Therefore, the fuel injection can increase fuel efficiency and reduce pollution, and also gives more output power.
Objectives
The main purpose of the use of the injection system is very diverse. Some of the purpose of using it, among others:
- Vehicle power output
- Fuel efficiency
- performance
- The ability to use alternative fuels
- Durability
- Use of the vehicle is smooth
- The initial cost
- Maintenance costs
- The ability to diagnose
- The ability to operate where and anytime
- Practicality machine setup
Excess
exhaust emissions low.
The occurrence of complete combustion in the combustion chamber, so that the exhaust emissions produced relatively fewer moreover the exhaust dilengkapicatalic converter.
Power is greater.
Construction injector right on the intake manifold so that fuel mixing more homogeneous,
more fuel-efficient .
Air-fuel ratio greatly affects complete the combustion of the engine. AFR standard motor is 14.7: 1, which means the air 14.7 and 1 petrol. AFR can vary, for example, when a cold engine AFR 5: 1 at idle AFR 11: 1, acceleration 8: 1, and at the time of economical usage of 40-60 km / h AFR 16-18: 1. So that the fuel consumption of motor injection is more efficient than the carburetor.
Do not need a choke (choke).
The fuel injection equipped with a temperature sensor that will report the temperature of the engine to the engine control module (ECM) which will tell the injector to enrich the mixture gas at a temperature of the engine is cold.
praktisSunting further treatment.
Technology fuel injection maintenance-free concept. At the time of servicing, cleaning is done only on the part of the air filter, spark plugs, and the setting of the valve.
Lack of
Acceleration less responsive.
The occurrence of a long process of sensor regulating the amount of air and reports from other sensors, so it takes longer to accelerate.
Lack experts.
the fuel injection including new technologies, not all public workshops were able to fix in the event of problems on vehicles.
Sensitive to impact / shock.
all devices primarily use electronic engine control module, making it susceptible to death when experiencing shock or concussion. In doing so, the chance of the vehicle can not be revived, because of damage to the engine control module. The cost of repair costs are relatively expensive.
Sensitive fuel.
The tip of the injector are microscopic, so that the fuel injection system is easy to clogging due to dirty fuel.This will affect the performance of the vehicle so that the fuel into the combustion chamber slightly,
Sensitive electricity.
Vehicle condition reported by the sensor, and the sensor is connected using a cable berkonektor. The connector is often the cause of reporting sensor to the engine control module into a mess. Delivery reports sensor to the engine control module using the safety system. If the cable connector corrosion occurs, it will improve the security system so that the reports of the sensor resulted in engine control moduleberfungsi with improper and may result in damage caused by the flow of electricity is not stable.
Various Schemes Injection System.
Injection Point Single (Single Point Fuel Injection).
single point injection using a single injector on the throttle body (the same location as used by the carburettor). It was introduced in the 1940s in the aircraft engine (called carburetor pressure) and in the 1980s in the automotive world (called Throttle body-Injection by General Motors, Center Fuel Injection by Ford, PGM-CARB by Honda, and EGI by Mazda) , After the fuel passing through the intake (such as carburetor system) is called "wet-type injection system".
For the single injection is not costly to repair. Various components such as carburetor support with air cleaners, intake manifold, and the fuel line routing can be reused. It then redesigned with the cost of equipment components. Single point injection has been widely used in passenger cars and trucks made in America during 1980-1995, and some of the cars in Europe using a single point injection system in the early and mid-1990s.
Injection Continuous (Continuous Fuel injection),
the Continuous injection systems, materials fuel flowing through the injector at any time, but at the time tikat flow variables. This is different from most other fuel injection, which provides fuel at a short vibration of varying duration, with a constant rate of air flow every vibration. Continuous injection system could Multi-Point Injection or single-point injection, but not directly.
Systems in automotive continuous injection is the most common Injection System Bosch K-Jetronic, was introduced in 1974. Bosch K-Jetronic used for many years between the years 1974 and the mid-1990s by BMW, Lamborghini, Ferrari, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Ford, Porsche, Audi, Saab, DeLorean, and Volvo. Chrysler uses fuel injection system continuously in the days of empire from 1981 to 1983.
Injection Gate Centre (Central Port Fuel Injection).
From the Year 1992 to 1996 General Motors introduced a system called the Gate Injection Centre (Central Port Injection). The system uses pipes with a small valve of the injector to spray fuel center at each gate to the center than the intake throttle-body. Pressure fuel injection system is similar to a single point.
Injection Multiport (Multiport Fuel Injection).
Parts and functions in detail.
Note: The examples below apply to the modern electronic injection gasoline engine. Fuels other than gasoline might be appropriate, but only in concept only.
Components of an electronic injection.
Animated image of the cross section of a fuel injector.
- injector
- Fuel Pump / Fuel Pump
- Fuel Pressure Regulator
- Engine Control Module (ECM) including a digital computer and garlands to communicate with sensors and control outputs.
- wiring Harness
- A wide variety of sensors (Some important are listed here.)
- Crank / Cam Position: Hall effect sensor
- Airflow: MAF Sensor and Sensor MAP
- Exhaust Gas Oxygen: Oxygen Sensor, Sensor EGO, UEGO Sensor
Description.
The main part of an electronic injection system (EFI) is the Machine Control Unit (Engine Control Unit / ECU), which will monitor the activities of the machine through a variety of sensors. These sensors will be used by the ECU to calculate the amount of fuel injected and the engine control by manipulating the amount of water and air intake. The amount of fuel injected depends on several factors such as engine temperature, engine rotation speed, and the composition of the exhaust gases,
fuel injectors is normally closed, and opens to inject fuel when there is electricity flowing in the solenoid coils.
